Cisco designs and sells networking, security, collaboration, and observability technology and services. The company's core networking business provides switches, routers, wireless access points, proprietary Silicon One chips, and Acacia optical transceivers. These products support enterprise IT environments and high-bandwidth artificial intelligence infrastructure for hyperscale cloud providers. In security and observability, Cisco offers firewalls, access management software, network assurance tools, and data analytics capabilities, which include assets acquired through Splunk. Cisco also provides collaboration software through its Webex suite and technical support services for its installed base. The company sells to enterprises, government institutions, telecommunications carriers, and cloud operators. Cisco generates revenue by selling hardware produced via contract manufacturers, as well as software licenses, subscriptions, and recurring maintenance contracts. Cisco's strategy focuses on expanding recurring software subscriptions, modernizing enterprise campus networks, and supplying custom silicon and optics for large-scale data center infrastructure.