Columbia Financial is a New Jersey-based savings bank holding company that operates primarily through Columbia Bank. The company provides traditional retail and commercial banking services, attracting deposits from individuals, businesses, and municipalities to fund a diversified loan portfolio. Columbia Financial focuses its lending on commercial and multifamily real estate, while also offering residential mortgages, construction loans, and commercial business products. The company is currently transitioning to a fully public stock holding company structure to facilitate its acquisition of Northfield Bancorp, an expansion that extends its footprint from New Jersey into Staten Island and Brooklyn. Columbia Financial's business model generates revenue primarily through net interest income, which is the spread between interest earned on loans and interest paid on deposits. Additional revenue comes from fee-based services including title insurance, insurance agency operations, and wealth management. The company’s growth strategy combines organic expansion in commercial lending with a robust M&A program, having integrated several institutions in recent years. Columbia Financial uses its branch network and local market presence to compete for core deposits and commercial relationships.