Nuvve develops and sells vehicle-to-grid (V2G) software and charging hardware that allows EV batteries — and stationary batteries — to provide services to the electrical grid. The core product is the GIVe cloud-based platform, which aggregates EV and stationary batteries into a virtual power plant that can sell energy back to the grid, provide frequency regulation, manage peak demand, and participate in wholesale energy markets. Nuvve sells primarily to commercial EV fleet operators, school districts, charge point operators, and automotive OEMs, through a direct sales force and channel partners. Revenue comes from hardware sales of bidirectional DC charging stations, recurring grid services revenue, software and engineering services, per-vehicle mobility fees, and government grants. Today, hardware sales and government-funded projects make up most of revenue, while recurring grid services — the higher-margin component — remains a small but growing share. Nuvve tracks "Megawatts Under Management" as its key operating metric, representing aggregated electrical capacity from deployed chargers and batteries. The target business model is capital-light SaaS: hardware is sold once, and recurring software and grid service revenues compound as capacity grows. Nuvve's growth strategy focuses on the North American school bus market, expanding stationary battery management, and geographic expansion through semi-independent subsidiaries in Japan, Europe, and New Mexico.