GSK is a biopharma company that discovers, develops, and sells specialty medicines, vaccines, and general medicines. GSK's products treat and prevent diseases including HIV, cancer, respiratory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. GSK sells primarily to hospitals, pharmacies, and healthcare providers, with reimbursement flowing through commercial insurers, government programs, and national health authorities outside the U.S. GSK's HIV products are commercialized through ViiV Healthcare, a majority-owned subsidiary with Pfizer and Shionogi as minority shareholders. GSK organizes its business into three segments: Specialty Medicines (roughly 41% of sales), Vaccines (roughly 28%), and General Medicines (roughly 31%). Specialty Medicines is the fastest-growing segment, led by HIV products (Dovato, Cabenuva, Apretude), respiratory and immunology biologics (Nucala, Benlysta), and oncology (Jemperli, Blenrep). Vaccines are anchored by Shingrix (shingles) and a broad portfolio covering meningitis, RSV, hepatitis, and flu. General Medicines consists largely of mature respiratory inhalers, led by Trelegy Ellipta, but faces structural pressure from generic competition as patents expire. GSK's business model relies on patent-protected pricing power, clinical differentiation, and heavy R&D investment that precedes revenue by years. GSK is strategically shifting its revenue mix toward higher-margin specialty products and managing its most significant near-term risk: dolutegravir, the backbone of its oral HIV franchise, begins losing patent exclusivity in 2028, and GSK is working to transition patients to long-acting injectable regimens ahead of that event.