ING is a large European universal bank with two core businesses: Retail Banking and Wholesale Banking. Retail Banking serves nearly 41 million customers across 10 markets, primarily in Europe plus Australia, offering savings accounts, mortgages, consumer and business lending, payments, investments, and insurance. ING's retail model is digital-first — 87% of customers use mobile as their primary channel, and ING operates only around 600 branches globally. Within Retail Banking, ING also serves SMEs through Business Banking and high-net-worth individuals through Private Banking & Wealth Management, with total AUM and e-brokerage assets of €278B. Wholesale Banking serves large corporates, multinationals, and financial institutions across 37 countries, offering specialized lending, trade finance, cash management, capital markets advisory, and financial markets products, with a focus on 8 sectors including energy, commodities, and infrastructure. ING earns money primarily through net interest income — the spread between lending rates and deposit funding costs — and through fees from investment products, daily banking, payments, trade finance, and capital markets. Fees represent roughly 20% of total income and are a growing priority given their lower sensitivity to interest rates. ING's digital-first model drives operating leverage, as incremental customers cost relatively little to serve. ING's strategy focuses on growing mobile-primary customers, increasing cross-sell penetration, investing in AI and automation, and shifting capital from Wholesale to Retail Banking, where ING sees higher returns.